Endocrinology MCQ Set 1: Questions with Explanations Test your knowledge with Endocrinology MCQ Set 1 featuring expert questions, correct answers, and clear explanations for smarter exam practice. 1 / 20 1) Which hormones are mainly responsible for triggering the body's “fight-or-flight” response during stress? A. Insulin and glucagon B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine C. Thyroxine and calcitonin D. Estrogen and progesterone Explanation:Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are secreted by the adrenal medulla during stress. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply. These changes prepare the body for rapid action in emergency situations. 2 / 20 2) Which part of the brain secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)? A. Hypothalamus B. Pineal gland C. Cerebellum D. Thyroid gland Explanation:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by the hypothalamus. It stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. These hormones are essential for reproduction and regulation of gonadal function. 3 / 20 3) Deficiency of cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex can result in which disease? A. Cushing's syndrome B. Addison's disease C. Acromegaly D. Graves' disease Explanation:Addison's disease occurs when the adrenal cortex does not produce enough cortisol, and sometimes aldosterone. It can cause fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and weakness. It is a form of adrenal insufficiency. 4 / 20 4) Vasopressin is commonly known by which other name? A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C. Growth hormone D. Oxytocin Explanation:Vasopressin is another name for antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It is released from the posterior pituitary gland and helps the kidneys conserve water. This hormone plays an important role in maintaining body fluid balance and blood pressure. 5 / 20 5) Apart from the testes, which gland also produces small amounts of androgens in the human body? A. Thyroid gland B. Adrenal cortex C. Pineal gland D. Parathyroid gland Explanation:The adrenal cortex produces small quantities of androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). These hormones contribute to secondary sexual characteristics and hormone balance. In males, testes are the main source, but adrenal glands also play a role. 6 / 20 6) Complete loss of function of the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) may lead to which disorder? A. Graves’ disease B. Simmond's disease C. Addison’s disease D. Acromegaly Explanation:Simmond's disease occurs due to severe deficiency or complete failure of the anterior pituitary gland. This leads to reduced secretion of several important hormones. It may cause weakness, weight loss, and metabolic disturbances. 7 / 20 7) Which factor directly regulates the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex? A. Blood glucose level B. Plasma potassium concentration C. Thyroid hormone level D. Blood calcium concentration Explanation:Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Increased plasma potassium levels directly stimulate its release. Aldosterone helps maintain sodium retention, potassium excretion, and fluid balance in the body. 8 / 20 8) Cushing's syndrome and myxoedema are disorders related to which glands respectively? A. Pituitary gland and pancreas B. Adrenal gland and thyroid gland C. Thyroid gland and parathyroid gland D. Pancreas and adrenal gland Explanation:Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex. Myxoedema occurs due to severe hypothyroidism in adults, involving the thyroid gland. Both are important endocrine disorders linked to hormonal imbalance. 9 / 20 9) Which hormone is commonly detected in the urine of a pregnant woman and used in pregnancy tests? A. Thyroxine B. Human Chorionic gonadotropin C. Insulin D. Oxytocin Explanation:Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta after implantation. It enters the mother’s blood and is excreted in urine. Most pregnancy tests detect this hormone to confirm pregnancy. 10 / 20 10) Who are credited with the successful isolation of insulin for medical use? A. Banting and Best B. Harvey and Houssay C. Von Mering and Minkowski D. Starling Explanation:Frederick Banting and Charles Best successfully isolated insulin in 1921. Their work was a major breakthrough in treating diabetes mellitus. Insulin therapy has since saved millions of lives worldwide. 11 / 20 11) Which organ functions as both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland in the human body? A. Thyroid gland B. Pituitary gland C. Pancreas D. Adrenal gland Explanation:The pancreas has a dual role in the body. Its endocrine part releases hormones like insulin and glucagon into the blood. Its exocrine part secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine through pancreatic ducts. 12 / 20 12) A reduced level of which hormone can cause a fall in blood calcium concentration? A. Calcitonin B. Parathyroid hormone C. Adrenaline D. Thyroxine Explanation:Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestines. When PTH secretion is low, blood calcium decreases. This may lead to muscle cramps, tetany, and nerve irritability. 13 / 20 13) Which of the following hormones belongs to the mineralocorticoid group secreted by the adrenal cortex? A. Testosterone B. Aldosterone C. Adrenaline D. Progesterone Explanation:Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It helps regulate sodium and potassium balance in the body. By controlling these electrolytes, it also plays an important role in maintaining blood pressure and fluid balance. 14 / 20 14) Which of the following hormones is produced in the digestive tract and helps regulate gastrointestinal activity? A. Follicle-stimulating hormone B. Growth hormone C. Enterogastrone D. Prolactin Explanation:Enterogastrone is a gastrointestinal hormone released from the small intestine. It helps slow gastric secretion and reduces stomach motility when fatty food enters the intestine. This allows proper digestion and absorption in the gut. 15 / 20 15) Tetany, characterized by painful muscle spasms due to low calcium levels, is commonly associated with which condition? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Hypoparathyroidism C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Cushing’s syndrome Explanation:Hypoparathyroidism causes decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which lowers blood calcium levels. Low calcium increases nerve and muscle excitability, leading to tetany. Symptoms may include cramps, spasms, and tingling sensations. 16 / 20 16) The clusters of endocrine cells known as the Islets of Langerhans are located in which organ? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Small intestine D. Stomach Explanation:The Islets of Langerhans are groups of hormone-secreting cells present in the pancreas. They produce insulin, glucagon, and other hormones that help regulate blood glucose levels. These cells form the endocrine part of the pancreas. 17 / 20 17) Which scientist is widely recognized as the “Father of Endocrinology” for his pioneering work on hormone-related diseases? A. Louis Pasteur B. Thomas Addison C. Willem Einthoven D. R.H. Whittaker Explanation:Thomas Addison is called the Father of Endocrinology because of his important studies on adrenal gland disorders. He first described Addison’s disease, caused by adrenal insufficiency. 18 / 20 18) Which gland in the human body is responsible for producing the hormone Melatonin? A. Thymus gland B. Pineal gland C. Pituitary gland D. Adrenal gland Explanation:Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland located in the brain. It helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and biological rhythms. Melatonin production usually increases in darkness and decreases in light. 19 / 20 19) Lack of sufficient thyroid hormone during infancy may result in which disorder? A. Myxedema B. Cretinism C. Hyperthyroidism D. Addison’s disease Explanation:Cretinism is caused by severe thyroid hormone deficiency during infancy or early childhood. It can lead to stunted physical growth and delayed mental development. Early diagnosis and thyroid hormone treatment are important for normal growth and brain development. 20 / 20 20) Excessive secretion of which hormone in adults commonly leads to the condition known as acromegaly? A. Cortisol B. Growth hormone C. Insulin D. Adrenaline Explanation:Acromegaly occurs when the pituitary gland releases too much "growth hormone" after the growth plates have closed in adulthood. This causes enlargement of hands, feet, jaw, and facial bones. It is most often linked to a pituitary tumor. Your score isThe average score is 0% 0% Restart quiz